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Mystery #1Tier 3starlight and colour

How can we possibly know what a star is made of without ever going there?

A star is so far away that its light takes years to reach us, and no rocket could ever fly there. Yet scientists can tell you a star is made mostly of hydrogen and helium, as confidently as if they had scooped up a jar of it. Nobody has ever flown out and grabbed a sample. So how can anyone possibly know what a star is made of?

The Sun's spectrum laid out in strips of red, yellow, green and blue, ruled through with hundreds of fine dark lines where elements have swallowed particular colours
Photo: NSO/AURA/NSF · CC BY 4.0 · via Wikimedia Commons

Your guess

Have a go: how do you think we work out what a faraway star is made of?

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