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Mystery #2Tier 2chemistry / reactions

Why does iron go rusty?

Leave an iron nail outside and it slowly turns crumbly and orange-brown: rust. But a nail kept dry indoors stays shiny for years. What turns strong iron into flaky rust?

Close-up of heavy iron chain links covered in flaky orange-brown rust.
Photo: Islander61, Wikimedia Commons · CC BY-SA 4.0 · via Wikimedia Commons

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